Saturday, 18 August 2012


เรียนเรื่อง clauses
Clause คือประโยคเล็กในประโยคใหญ่ เพราะมันประอบด้วย ประธาน (subject) และส่วนขยาย (predicate)
แบ่งออกเป็น  noun clauses, adjective clausesและ adverb clauses
Adverb clause. คือ กลุ่มของคำที่ประกอบด้วยประธานและส่วนขยาย(ประโยคเล็กในประโยคใหญ่) และทำหน้าที่เป็น Adverb (กริยาวิเศษณ์: คำที่ขยายกริยา/คุณศัพท์/ตัวมันเอง)
·        You may sit wherever you like.
·        You will pass if you work hard.
·        He fled where his pursuers could not follow.
·        I do it because I choose to.
·        He behaves as one might expect him to do.
·        We shall wait here until you come.
·        I shall remain where I am.
·        Wherever one goes one hears the same story.
Adverb clause มีหลายชนิด แยกได้ดังต่อไปนี้  Adverb clause of—
1.      Time
2.      Place
3.      Purpose
4.      Cause/reason
5.      Condition
6.      Result/consequence
7.      Comparison
8.      Supposition/concession
ตัวอย่างแต่ละชนิด 
1.Adverb clauses of time….จะมีคำเชื่อมต่อไปนี้ when, whenever, while, after, before, since, as, till, no sooner….than, so long as ประโยคตัวอย่าง....
·        When you have finished your work you may go home.
·        Don’t talk while she is singing.
·        I have not been well since I returned from Chiengmai.
·        As he came to the room all rose to their feet.
·        Do it before you forget.
·        They were commanded to wait till the signal was given.
·        No sooner did he see us than he disappeared.
·        The world will be the same so long as men are men.
·        The doctor always comes whenever he is sent for.
·        As soon as he heard the news he wrote to me.
2. Adverb clauses of place…. จะมีคำเชื่อมต่อไปนี้ where, wherever, whereas ประโยคตัวอย่าง เช่น..........
* I have put it where I can find it again.
* Where you live I will live.
*Let him be arrested wherever he may be found.
3. Adverb clauses of purpose คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี so that, in order that, lest, ประโยคตัวย่าง
*I will give you a map so that you can find the way.
*The UNO was formed in order that countries might discuss world problems better.
*He was extra polite to his superiors lest something adverse should be written into his records.
4. Adverb clauses of cause/reason คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี because, as, since, that, ประโยคตัวอย่าง
* Because I like you I shall help you.
*Since you are so clever you will be able to explain this.
*I am glad that you like it.
As he was not here I spoke to his brother.
5. Adverb clauses of condition คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี if, whether, unless ประโยคตัวอย่าง
*If it rains we shall stay at home.
*I shan’t pay it unless he sends me the bill again.
*I will forgive you on condition that you don’t repeat the offence.
*You must go whether you hear from him or not.
*Unless you work harder you will you will fail.
บางคราวคำเชื่อมที่จะใช้ละไว้ก็ได้ ตัวอย่างเช่น
Had I not see this with my own eyes I would not have believed it.
Had I the wings of a bird I would fly away.
He would be happier were he honester.
Were an angel to tell me such a thing of you, I would not believe it.
หรือบางที่ก็ใช้คำ Relative pronoun, adjective, หรือ adverb เป็นคำเชื่อม เช่น
Whatever happens keep calm.
Don’t annoy him whatever you do.
Whichever road we take we shall be too late.
6. Adverb clauses of result/consequence คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี so….that, such….that, ประโยคตัวอย่าง
* So terrible a disease broke out that very few of the people survived.
*He is such a good man that all respect him.
*The Roman built in such a way that their walls are still standing.
*He spoke in such a low voice that few could hear him.
7. Adverb clauses of comparison. คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี  than, as, ประโยคตัวอย่าง เช่น
*He is older than he looks.
*No one can run faster than Bolt.
*He is as stupid as he is lazy.
 *You must work harder than I do.
8. Adverb clauses of supposition/concession คำเชื่อมที่ใช้มี though, although, even if ประโยคตัวอย่างเช่น
* Though I am poor I am honest.
*He set sail though the storm threatened.
*Even if it rains I shall come.
*Even if he is old he is able to do a great deal of work.
*I shall be able to get in although I have no ticket.
*I would not do it even if you paid me.





เรียนภาษอังกฤษจากประโยคที่น่าคิด  Learn English from these sentences.
1.       Listen carefully to what your emotions are telling you. Don’t ignore them, deny them or try to down them out. ให้รับรู้อารมณ์เราให้ดีเพราะมันบอกอะไรเราหลายอย่าง อย่าเพิกเฉยหรือละเลย
2.        He who establishes his argument by noise and command shows that his reason is weak.ใครที่ชอบใช้เสียงดังหรืออำนาจบาทใหญ่ ในการถกปัญหาย่อมแสดงว่าเขาไม่ค่อยมีเหตุผล
3.       Unexpressed feelings of appreciation and commendation are like undelivered letters.ชื่นชอบเขาหรือมีข้อเสนอให้เขาแต่ไม่แสดงออกก็เหมือนกับการเขียนจดหมายแล้วไม่เอาไปส่งนั้นเอง
4.       Treat others as you want to be treated. ทำกับเขาเช่นไรเขาก็ทำกับเราเช่นนั้น
5.       All of history is the quest for dignity. ประวัติศาสตร์ทุกยุคบอกเราว่ามนุษย์เรานั้นแสวงหาความสง่างามให้กับเผ่าพันธุ์ของตน
6.       Passion is the spice of life. อารมณ์คือรสชาติของชีวิต
7.       Do what you care most about. จงทำสิ่งที่คุณชื่นชอบ
8.       Goals must be SMART.( specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely)เป้าหมายต้องเด่นชัด
9.       The decision to apologize is a tug of war between stubborn pride and guilt. Making a sincere apology is an act of courage not a sign of weakness. การตัดสินใจขอโทษนั้นเปรียบได้กับการชักเย่อระหว่างความหยิ่งกับความผิดของเรา การตัดสินใจขอโทษนั้นไม่ใช่ความอ่อนแอแต่มันคือการแสดงความกล้า
10.    The quality of mercy is not strained. It drops as the gentle rain from heaven on the place beneath.อันความกรุณาปราณีจะมีใครบังคับก็หาไม่หลั่งมาเองเหมือนฝนอันชื่นใจจากฝากฟ้าสุราลัยสู่แดนดิน
11.   A journey of a thousand mile begin with a single step.การเดินทางหมื่นลี้ต้องเริมจากก้าวแรก
12.   Make your life a mission, not an intermission.อย่าทำชีวิตให้เนืองๆแต่ทำชีวิตให้มีเรื่องต้องทำ
13.   Humans are multi dimensional. มนุษย์เรานั้นมีหลากมิติ
14.   Sadness is the emotion resulting from a loss.ความเศร้าคืออารมณ์ความรู้สึกที่มีผลมาจากความสูญเสีย(loss: material possessions, health, stature, security, companionship, affection, safty)
15.   Stress is the energy we expend resisting the loss as we work to cope with it or overcome it.ความเครียดคือพลังที่เราใช้ไปเพื่อสู้กับความสูญเสียที่จะเกิด ขณะที่เรากำลังแก้ปัญหา หรือชนะปัญหา
16.   If you blame someone for your loss you feel anger.
17.   If you have lost stature or blame yourself for the loss you feel shame.
18.   If you feel you have loss affection to another person you feel jealousy.
19.   If you have lost safety or security you feel fear or anxiety.
20.   Loss of hope can lead to depression.







The sayings of Jesus Christ. 
(พระวาจาของพระเจ้านั้นไม่มีวันเสื่อมสลาย ค่อยๆอ่านที่ละประโยคแล้วคิดไปด้วยแล้วจะเข้าใจอะไรๆถ่องแท้ไม่สับสล ทุกประโยคคัดออกมาจาก The Holy Gospel by St. Matthew)
1.    “The scripture says, ’Human beings cannot live on bread alone, but need every word that God speak.’ ”
2.    Do not put the Lord your God to the test.
3.    Worship the Lord your God and serve only him.
4.    Turn away from your sins, because the Kingdom of heaven is near!
5.    Come with me and I will teach you to catch people.
6.    Happy are those who know they are spiritually poor; the Kingdom of heaven belong to them!
7.    Happy are those who mourn; God will comfort them!
8.    Happy are those who are humble; they will receive what God has promised!
9.    Happy are those whose greatest desire is to do what God requires; God will satisfy them fully!
10. Happy are those who are merciful to others; God will be merciful to them!
11. Happy are those who work for peace; God will call them his children!
12. Happy are those who are persecuted because they do what God requires; the kingdom of heaven belongs to them!
13. Happy are you when people insult you and persecute you and tell all kinds of evil lies against you because you are my followers. Be happy and glad, for a great reward is kept for you in heaven.
14. You are like salt for the whole human race. But if salt loses its saltiness, there is no way to make it salty again. It has become worthless, so it is thrown out and people trample on it.
15. You are like light for the whole world. Your light must shine before people, so that they will see the good things you do and praise your Father in heaven.
16. If you are about to offer your gift to God at the altar and there you remember that your brother has something against you, leave your gift there in front of the altar, go at once and make peace with your brother, and then come back and offer your gift to God.
17. If someone brings a lawsuit against you and take you to court, settle the dispute while there is time, before you get to court.
18. Anyone who looks at the woman and wants to possess her is guilty of committing adultery with her in his heart.
19. If a man divorces his wife for any cause other than her faithfulness, then he is guilty of making her commit adultery if she marries again; and the man who marries her commit adultery also.
20. Do not take revenge on someone who wrongs you. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, let him slaps left cheek too.
21. Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you, so that you may become the children of your Father in heaven. For he makes his sun to shine on bad and good alike, and give rain to those who do evil. Why should God reward you if you love only the people who love you? Even the tax collectors do that!
22. When you give something to a needy person, do not make a big show of it, as the hypocrites do in the houses of warship and on the streets. They do it because people will praise them. I assure you, they have already paid in full. But when you help a needy person, do it in such a way that even your closest friend will not know about it. Then it will be a private matter. And your Father, who sees what you do in private, will reward you.
23.  When you pray, do not be like the hypocrites! They love to stand up and pray in the houses of warship and on the street corners, so that everyone will see them. But when you pray, go to your room, close the door, and pray to your Father, who is unseen. And your Father, who sees what you do in private, will reward you.
24. When you pray do not use a lot of meaningless words, as the pagans do, who think that their gods will hear them because their pray are long. Do not be like them. Your Father already knows what you need before you ask him.
25. When you fast, do not put on a sad face as the hypocrites do, when you go without food, wash your face and comb your hair, so that others cannot know that you are fasting.
26. Your heart will always be where your riches are.
27. The eyes are like a lamp for the body.
28. You cannot serve God and money.
29. Do not worry about tomorrow; it will have enough worries of its own. There is no need to add to the troubles each day brings.
30. God will judge you in the same way you judge others.
31. How dare you say to your brother,’ Please, let me take the speck out of your eye,’ when you have a log in your own eye?
32. Do not throw your pearls in front of pigs—they will only trample them underfoot.
33. Ask, and you will receive; seek and you will find; knock and the door will be opened to you. Would any one of you who are fathers give your sons a stone when he asks for bread? Or would you give him a snake when he asks for a fish?
34. Do for others what you want them to do for you.
35. Thorn bushes do not bear grapes, and briers do not bear figs. A healthy tree bears good fruit, but a poor tree bears bad fruit.
36. Not everyone who calls me ‘Lord, Lord’ will enter the Kingdom of heaven, but only those who do what my Father in heaven wants them to do.
37. People who are well do not need a doctor, but only those who are sick.
38. It is kindness that I want, not animal sacrifices.
39. Listen! I am sending you out just like sheep to a pack of wolves. You must be as cautious as snakes and as gentles as doves. Watch out, for there will be those who will arrest you and take you to court, and they will whip you in the synagogues for my sake you will be brought to trial before rulers and kings, to tell the Good News to them and the gentiles. When they bring you to trial, do not worry about what you are going to say or how you will say it; when the time comes, you will be given what you will say. For the words you will speak will not be yours; they will come from the Spirit of your Father speaking to you.
40. Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul; rather be afraid of God, who can destroy both body and soul in hell.
41. Those who declare publicly that they belong to me; I will do the same for them before my Father in heaven.
42. Those who do not take up their cross and follow in my steps are not fit to be my disciples
43. The mouth speaks what the heart is full of. Your words will be used to judge you.
44. This people will listen and listen, but not understand; they will look and look but not see, because their minds are dull, and they have stopped up their ears and have closed their eyes. As for you, how fortunate you are! Your eyes see and your ears hear.
45. The seeds that fell on rocky ground stand for those who receive the message gladly as soon as they hear it. But it does not sink deep into them. So when trouble or persecution comes because of the message, they give up at once.
46. Let the wheat and the weeds both grow together until harvest. Then I will tell the harvest workers to pull up the weeds first, tie them in bundles and burn them, and then to gather in the wheat and put it in my barn.
47. A prophet is respected everywhere except in his home town and by his own family.
48. “What little faith you have! Why did you doubt?” Jesus said to Peter.
49. Respect your father and your mother, and ‘if you curse your father or your mother, you are to be put to death.’
50. Listen and understand! It is not what goes into your mouth that makes you ritually unclean; rather, what comes out of it makes you unclean.
51. If any of you want to come with me, you must forget yourself, carry your cross and follow me.
52. I assure you that if you have faith as big as a mustard seed, you can say to this hill. ’Go from here to there!’ and it will go.
53. Peter came to Jesus and asked, “Lord, if my brother keeps on sinning against me, how many time do I have to forgive him? Seven times?” “No, not seven times,” answered Jesus,” but seventy times seven.
54. No human being must separate what God has joined together.
55. Keep the commandments if you want to enter life. Do not commit murder; do not commit adultery; do not steal; do not accuse anyone falsely.
56. I assure you: it will be very hard for rich people to enter The Kingdom of heaven. I repeat: it is much harder for a rich person to enter the Kingdom of God than for a camel to go through the eye of a needle.
57. Everyone who has left houses or brothers or sisters or fathers or mothers or children or field for my sake, will receive a hundred times more and will be given eternal life.
58. If one of you wants to be great, you must be the servant of the rest.
59. If you believe, you will receive whatever you ask for in prayer.
60. Many are invited, but few are chosen.
61. Pay to the Emperor what belong to the Emperor, and pay to God what belong to God.
62. Love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind. This is the greatest and the most important commandment.
63. Love your neighbors as you love yourself.
64. About Pharisees: do not imitate their actions, because they don’t practice what they preach. They do everything so that people will see them. They love the best places at feasts. They love to be greeted with respect. On the outside you appear good to everybody, but inside you are full of hypocrisy and sins.
65. The Son of Man will come like the lightning which flashes across the whole sky from the east to the west. Wherever there is a dead body, the vultures will gather.
66. Watch out, then, because you do not know what day your Lord will come.
67. Keep watch and pray that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.
68. Jesus said to Peter, “I tell you that before the rooster crows tonight, you will say three times that you do not know me.”
69. “The sorrow in my heart is so great that it almost crushes me. Stay here and keep watch with me.”
70. “Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?” which means, “My God, my God, why did you abandon me?”
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Idiom Collecting. (By Chokchai) 
1.      Beware of that man! He will stick at nothing (is unscrupulous and will do anything to accomplice his purpose).
2.      We are afraid you two are at cross-purposes (misunderstand each other).
3.      They trusted him and he played them false (deceived them, betrayed them).
4.      She was a shrewd woman, and it will not be easy to draw her out (to elicit information from her).
5.      He made light of (treated lightly) his friends’ warning.
6.      The figures which he quoted were shown to be incorrect, and this took the edge off his argument (made his argument ineffective).
7.      We had on the way tea of a kind (of a poor kind).
8.      I repaid his insolence in kind (in the same way).
9.      The proposal was rejected with one voice (unanimously).
10.  He is not the man to pocket an affront (to receive 0r submit to it without retaliation or showing resentment).
11.  The fate of the accused hangs in the balance (is undecided).
12.  Tom is a man of well-balanced (reasonable, moderate) opinions.
13.  He was carried off his feet (was wild with excitement) when he was declared to have won the first prize.
14.  She made the most of her opportunity (used it to best advantage).
15.  That house is put on the market (offered for sale).
16.  They sometimes work nine hours at a stretch (continuously).
17.  By my skill in arguing I carried my point (defeated my adversaries in debate).
18.  He is serving his time (going through an apprenticeship) in a bank.
19.  Serves you right (you’ve got your deserts).
20.  I shall manage to serve him out (to retaliate upon him, to have my revenge on him).
21.  He is working against time (with utmost speed).
22.  This year the mango-crop has fallen short of my expectations (has disappointed me).
23.  While the members of the committee were discussing questions of finance, I felt like a fish out of water (in a strange situation).
24.  A good student works steadily, not by fits and starts (irregularly, capriciously).
25.  He has made his fortune and now take things easy (does not work hard).
26.  Mr. Bean first introduced the system of payments by installments, and shortly afterwards other took a leaf out of his book (imitated him, profited by his example).
27.  She was charged with cooking the accounts (preparing false statement).
28.  You should take into his account (consider) his past services.
29.  You must lie in the bed you have made (take the consequences of your own acts).
30.  He thinks better of it now (he has thought more carefully about it).
31.  I am sure he means business (is in earnest).
32.  I cannot give you a definite reply on the spur of the moment (at once, without deliberation).
33.  I see you know a thing or two (are wise or cunning).
34.  He took his failure to hear (felt it deeply).
35.  It goes to his heart (touches him deeply) to see so much misery.
36.  He is leaving Cambodia for good (permanently).
37.  It will go hard with him (prove a serious matter for him) if his partner retires from business.
38.  Do you expect me to be at your beck and call (under your absolute control)?
39.  I am afraid he is burning the candles at both ends (overtaxing his energy).
40.  Let us now bury the hatchet (cease fighting) and work for the advance of the country.
41.  Mr. James one of the trustees of a certain big charity, is suspected of feathering his own nest (making money unfairly).
42.  It is reported that some ruffians laid hands on (assaulted) him while he was returning home.
43.  It is suspected that he had a hand in (was concerned) the plot.
44.  As usual he is blowing his own trumpet (praising himself).
45.  The foolish young man made ducks and drakes of (squandered) his patrimony.
46.  She knows French after a fashion (to a certain degree, not satisfactorily).
47.  It is all Greek to me (something which I do not understand).
48.  The thief was caught red-handed (in the very act of committing a theft).
49.  Late in life he tried his hand (made an attempt) at farming.
50.  His friend gave him the cold shoulder (treated him in a cold and distant manner).
51.  While he spoke, the audience on their lips (listened eagerly to his words).
52.  He stands well with (is well thought of by) his master.
53.  She is accused of giving a false coloring to (misrepresenting) the incident.
54.  Throughout his speech the boys were all ears (deeply attentive).
55.  I was all eyes (eagerly watching) to see what he would do.
56.  With a small income and a large family to maintain, he finds it rather difficult to keep his head above water (to keep out of debt).
57.  You will come to grief (be ruined) if you follow his advice.
58.  I keep that fellow at arm’s length (at a distance).
59.  Don’t trust those men; they are villains to the backbone (in every way).
60.  The account of the murder made her blood creep (filled her with horror).
61.  The joke fell flat (caused no amusement).
62.  It is a far cry (a long way off) from Delhi to New York.
63.  The scheme appears worthless at the first blush (at first sight).
64.  He was at his wit’s end (quite puzzled).
65.  I am sure he won’t go back on (fail to keep) his word.
66.  He is falling foul of (quarrelling with) everybody.
67.  Do not give ear to (listen to) a tale bearer.
68.  A spirit of unrest is in the air (found everywhere).
69.  He was murdered in cold blood (deliberately).
70.  On the approach of a policeman the bully showed a clean pair of heels (ran away).
71.  What you purpose is out of the question (impossible).
72.  The performance was not up to the mark (quite satisfactory).
73.  He stuck to his guns (remained faithful to the cause).
74.  I smell a rat (have reason to suspect something).
75.  I nipped his scheme in the bud (made it fail before it could mature).
76.  Let us have your term in black and white (in writing).
77.  The election campaign is just now in full swing (very active).
78.  He is not wise enough to keep his own counsel (to be reticent about his opinions).
79.  The long and short of it (the simple fact) is that I do not want to deal with that new firm.
80.  He insisted on his orders being carried out to the letter (with adherence to every detail).
81.  I did not notice in him anything out of the way (strange).
82.  They are at draggers drawn (their relations are strained) ever since the dissolution of the partnership between them.
83.  De. Di did yeoman service (excellent work).
84.  He is a man of his words (a trustworthy man).
85.  Beware of the wolf in sheep’s clothing (hypocrite)!
86.  I should like to have that matter settled immediately, because it keeps a man on the tenterhooks (in a state of suspense and anxiety).
87.  He is under the thumb of (completely under the influence of) his wife.
88.  I sent him about his business (dismissed him permanently) as I could stand his insolence no longer.
89.  He appears to have an old head on young shoulders (be wise beyond his years).
90.  People who talk shop (talk exclusively about their business) are generally unbearable.
91.  There are black sheep in (bad characters, scoundrels) in every community.
92.   He claims to have rubbed shoulders (come into close contact) with people of all sorts and conditions.
93.   It will be at a pinch (in case of emergency, if hard pressed).
94.  All his schemes end in smoke (came to nothing).
95.  The dog is as good as (practically) dead.
96.  He kicked up a row (made great noise).
97.  I can make neither head nor tail (nothing) of it.
98.  He is every inch (entirely) a gentle man.
99.  He is over head and ears (deeply) in love/in debt.

100. He went out of his way (took special trouble) to oblige me.
101. He knows the ins and outs (the full detail) of that affair.
102. He seems ill at ease (uneasy).
103. The old man is hard of hearing (somewhat deaf).
104. Our school is within a stone’s throw of (at a short distance from) the church.
105. He is by long odds (most decidedly) the greatest of living mathematicians.
106. A few days before his death, he made a clean breast of (confessed without reserve) everything connected with that affair.
107. He does not understand that he stands in his own light (act against his own interests).
108. I am quite at sea (perplexed).
109. She was disappointed, but she took heart (cheered herself up) and tried again.
110. That fellow sets everybody by the ears (he is a mischief-maker).